Huiñaymarka
The lake is considered by BirdLife International (Devenish et al 2009) as an Area of \u200b\u200bImportant Bird (AICA BO018).
Lake Huiñaymarka, from the viewpoint near Tiquina. In front, the most characteristic trees of the village of Huatajata, the introduced eucalyptus. Lumix FZ 50, June 13, 2010.
This lake inhabits Kenolaba ( Rollandia microptera ) species with restricted distribution point and the reeds (Schoenoplectus californicus Tator) above 3700 m within the basin of Lake Titicaca Peru Bolivia and Poopó (Oruro, Bolivia). The Kenolaba ( Rollandia microptera ) is a species of bird of extreme K, ecological gradient r -> K and its vulnerability to environmental impacts is therefore directly proportional to its degree of adaptation and specialization K. Diving feeds of local species, especially fish Orestias ispi, O. agassii (vulnerable status MMAyA 2009), O. olivaceus, O. luteus (vulnerable status MMAyA 2009) also endemic to the Lake Titicaca basin (Aranibar and Flores 2009). According to Aranibar and Flores (2009), the diet includes gastropods as Littoridina sp Ramphopoma magnus, Taphius and casually montanus frogs. Its current international conservation status (IUCN 2008) is Endangered (EN) as the recent national categorization (Aranibar and Flores 2009), the fall into the category of Endangered (EN) as well.
Fine example "live" Rollandia microptera browsing on a forest of Elodea potamogeton - Miriophyllum elatinoides , where he finds his main food, ispi ( Orestias ispi ). This example, your partner and the only chicken still (June 13, 2010) remain Huatajata somewhere. Lumix FZ 50, 420 mm Leica zoom. May 2, 2010.
The June 6, 2010 we made a trip to Lake Huiñaymarka, the town of Huatajata where to go often to observe and photograph birds and wildlife in general ... This time, besides finding as usual (unfortunately), the main lines of garbage all along the shore, we were unpleasantly surprised to find also along a 1 km transect a total of 41 adult specimens Kenolaba ( Rollandia microptera ) dead beside the bodies of other species such as large diver duck Oxyura jamaicensis ferruginea , fish endemic to the place ( Orestias ispi ) and a large number of gastropods and bivalve molluscs ...
Lumix FZ 50. June 13, 2010, Huatajata. Any other comment is more ...
Lumix FZ 50. June 13, 2010, Huatajata. Any other comment is more ...
Lumix FZ 50. June 13, 2010, Huatajata. Any other comment is more ...
Lumix FZ 50, June 13, 2010, Huatajata.
Diver Duck great (Oxyura jamaicensis ferruginea ) another victim ... Lumix FZ 50, June 13, 2010. Huatajata
relative location of the two copies of the photos above. Lumix FZ 50. June 13, 2010. Huatajata
Lumix FZ 50, June 13, 2010, Huatajata .
Lumix FZ 50, June 13, 2010, Huatajata.
location on the copy of the previous photo. Lumix FZ 50. June 13 2010.
Lumix FZ 50, June 13, 2010, Huatajata .
Lumix FZ 50, Huatajata, May 2, 2010. Mass mortality of bivalve molluscs and gastropods in a wide stretch of beach (a strip of about 2 x 300 m) ... These mollusks are part of the diet of Rollandia microptera ...
According Devenish et al 2009, estimates the current global population microptera Rollandia indivividuos in 1600 adults. As for the lake only Titicaca, Aranibar and Flores (2009) estimated their total population between 577 and 1111 individuals. Therefore, the 41 specimens found dead in one day represent 2.6% of global population and between 7.1% and 3.7% of the total population of Lake Titicaca, respectively. Please think that if a death rate like this happen every day, would be irretrievably extinct species from 81 days to almost a year (300 days). How can we call the Sacred Lake Titicaca and then inflicting an injury like this? On the other hand, it is thought ... were only 41 copies? Because we only did a single transect of only 1 km ... What data transect had thrown a greater extent? Transect that we can not do because they made the 17 hours, we night fell and a deadly cold. Obviously the latter is speculation, but scientifically speaking only are the units that recorded in 1 km?? Only 41?? I do not think ... unfortunately ...
And what are the causes of death of the species? Several ...
ispis Fishermen, Huatajata April 18, 2010. Lumix FZ 50.
fishermen competing for the same resource used as food microptera Rollandia , and therefore come together in the same places. Unfortunately, many Kenolaba while diving behind the end ispis entangled in fishing nets where they meet death. According Aranibar and Flores (2009) this is the main cause of death ... Personally I do not think my arguments and then ...
2 .- Interspecific competition with humans (Homo sapiens ?) And introduced species
Man
rise to large scale (commercial fishing =) by the trophic action Rollandia microptera but There are also two competing predators that were never part of the ecosystem: The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikiss ) and silversides ( Odontesthes bonariensis), share responsibility for reducing ispis populations and the extinction of native species gender Orestias (MMAyA 2009). Unfortunately, some authorities still lie publicly stating that no trout in the lake and is circumscribed to the hatcheries. If this is the case please explain to me how to contain the spawning of trout reared in net cages?? Given these competitors, especially humans, should not review the ecology notes especially those competitive exclusion? Currently without which quantitative information about it is not difficult to realize that Homo sapiens fishing ispis measured in metric tons / year, whereas it does Kenolaba Kg / year, who will be excluded from equation? That's without considering the other two foreign competitors ...
Huatajata Hatchery trout (Area of \u200b\u200bstudy). Lumix FZ 50, May 2, 2010. Note that containment is a nylon net with holes of about 1.5 cm in diameter.
mature ovaries of rainbow trout, hatchery Huatajata previously photographed ... Lumix FZ 50, May 2, 2010. Note the number of eggs you have. Of the five specimens collected, three were females in the same condition.
3 .- Reduced habitat microptera Rollandia and their food resources ...
The species and depends on the reeds where, among other things, it nests all year round. Also, the reeds are the site of spawning and nursery of fry of several species of Orestias including Orestias ispi , the main trophic resource microptera Rollandia . On the other hand, the reeds are the main organs pollution scrubbers Lake Titicaca and should therefore be indispensable to everyone, including the kind that calls itself sapiens, but in practice ... The reed was considered a sacred plant for all Thus, by speaking peoples Pukina, Aymara and Quechua people well and even today is used for a wide range of applications, from boats, houses and the base of the stem as food. Unfortunately, the reeds are being decimated the lake for various reasons but mainly as to support livestock grazing cows and sheeps alien around the lake. Many people with this type of production made several regions of the plateau moorlands (Richard 2005) and were forced to migrate to the city of El Alto and changing field. Others opted to keep cattle and sheep in areas of high availability of reeds and use this as pasture, with which this activity is inherently unsustainable, leading in a short time, these regions were left without reeds and residents without livestock , leaving a new plateaus in their path. This is the case Cohana Bay, one of the regions with the highest concentration of reeds that are now handled (poorly) as pasture and as such even are burned periodically to promote regrowth ... The removal of cattails in this process is accompanied by the extraction of eggs of species of waterfowl including Rollandia microptera ... Today, cows and sheep literally eat up much of the habitat Kenolaba ... With the exponential decay of cattails what is the future of Kenolaba and their main food?
Totora in flower, a plant considered sacred by the peoples Pukina, Aymara and Quechua. Huatajata Totoral, habitat microptera Rollandia . Lumix FZ 50, May 2, 2010.
Burning cattails Cohana Bay, probably the highest concentration of reeds around the lake Huiñaymarka. Kodak DX 6930 16 September 2006.
Bay Harvest Cohana reeds to feed cattle and sheep. Polaroid DC 30, December 3, 2003.
Tied reed (= daily ration per head of cattle) in Bahia Cohana feeding of cattle and sheep. Polaroid DC 30, December 3, 2003.
Sheep feeding on reeds unsustainably taken in the lake ... Cohana Bay, December 3, 2003. Polaroid DC 30.
Pillapi showing community members of the edible part of the reed (the base of stem). Polaroid DC 30, April 3, 2003.
Most rivers in the city of El Alto, dumping their solid waste, sewage and chemicals in the Lake Titicaca, which uses its vegetation, especially cattails, debugging (Within limits, obviously) ... But all the towns circumlacustres also dumped garbage of all kinds in the lake and this in an attempt to disengage from it literally "throw up" on their cost marked with concentric rings of trash and debris floating and submerged vegetation permeated gas and oil motor (In Huatajata Yacht Club is the world's tallest and the landing of commercial vessels). Probably the most harmful form of pollution is the batteries, most of them long-standing and therefore with high cadmium and mercury ... Landfills today are common and normal thing in the lake and fish mortality also especially the ispis, power supply of Rollandia microptera and this means that toxins ispi incorporated by your body, also spend Rollandia microptera . Unfortunately there are many birds that scavenge the garbage, especially the Andean gull (Larus serranus ), Andean lapwings (Vanellus resplendens ) and notably ginger duck (Anas flavirostris oxyptera ), who have been photographed in the process during the transect ... would not be surprising then that many Kenolaba and their offspring perish by chemical and / or eat small pieces of plastic or nylon bags that simulate ispis ...
Line of trash dumped on the lake. The arrow shows a pair of ginger duck (Anas flavirostris oxyptera ) looking for food (or death) in the trash. Lumix FZ 50, June 13
2010.Huatajata 
couple of ducks looking ginger plant debris in the trash. Much of the vegetable matter from the bank is fully imbued with motor oil. We must not forget that the Club Náutico Huatajata is the world's tallest and the landing of commercial vessels. Lumix FZ 50, June 13, 2010 .
Andean Tero (Vanellus resplendens ) foraging in the trash ... Lumix FZ 50, June 13, 2010.
serranus Larus, young specimen. Other species that scavenge garbage and therefore the pollutants enter the food webs. Lumix Fz 50, Huatajata. April 18, 2010.
ispis massive death in the still clear water of the lake ... 50.18 Lumix FZ April 2010.
ISPI, death and trash. Lumix FZ 50. April 18 2010.
An image now common, the older generation batteries degraded, meaning that their content was dispersed in the lake ... Why the ispis have died? Lumix FZ 50. April 18, 2010 .
The variety of garbage in the lake is unimaginable ... Lumix FZ 50 April 18, 2010.
This beautiful wildlife refuge and many endemic species of different biological groups, whose ajayu , according to the tradition of the people Pukina, Aymara and Quechua is protected by the Pacha Mama, is now at risk ... what? Of losing it forever as a result of a Pachacidio (fide Barral Zegarra 2009) the result of functional illiteracy. In the absence of contextual education, by and for Bolivia ... In this series, "Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Gabriel García Márquez paraphrase, we will show first hand, all with the hope that we reflect on what we do on this spectacular place, belongs to all Bolivians and the planet. Because you can not manage what you do not know, can not love what you do not know ... and why it is necessary to love? For love is the fundamental and primary input to preserve ... No one keeps what she does not love (Richard 2003) ... And why do we keep? Knowing to love, love to thrive ... because you can not prosper, nor think of sustainable development based on the destruction of a finite planet (Richard and Contreras 2010) ... Huinaymarca Because the lake and all its biodiversity is a legacy of our ancestors, our heritage and by definition those who care for and love their heritage are patriots ... My question now is: Where are the patriots? ... Finally
believe, based on the above and the threats that the status of the species should be urgently reviewed and changed to the current Endangered new Endangered Critical ...
Research to know ... knowledge to manage ...
Educate to keep ... to thrive ... Keep
Because ... You can not want, love, keep ...
what you do not know or do not know if I want E.
there ... Richard
The right to life means the right to exist. The
law that no ecosystem, any species of animal or plant
, no river or lake to be removed or exterminated
by human action "Evo Morales
- Decalogue 2008
microptera, Huatajata, April 18, 2010. Lumix FZ 50, Leica zoom from 35 to 420 mm.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Denise and Melissa tireless traveling companions. Horacio Luna to be always present as an ornithologist and above all, as a friend.
bibliography
ARANIBAR H. and C. PRADO FLORES. 2009. Microptera Rollandia Gould, 1868. Pp 347 to 348. In: Luis F. Aguirre, Rodrigo Aguayo, Jose Balderrama, Claudia Cortez & Teresa Tarifa. Red Book of vertebrate wildlife in Bolivia. Ministry of Environment and Water, La Paz, Bolivia. 571 pp.
BARRAL ZEGARRA, R. 2009. Teaching political emancipation. Ed Gap. Ayni Ruway Community Education. 284 p.
Devenish, C., DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, DF, Clay, RP, DAVIDSON, I. & YEPEZ Zabala, I. EDS. (2009) Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for Biodiversity Conservation. Quito, Ecuador: BirdLife International (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 16).
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER (MMAyA) 2009. Red Book of vertebrate wildlife in Bolivia. Ministry of Environment and Water, La Paz, Bolivia. 571 pp.
2005. Cohana Bay, Lake Titicaca: A paradise to discover. ROMI + CD Super Video CD (SVCD). Multimedia Theratos Ed. La Paz, Bolivia. DL 4-4-85-04. ISBN 99905-0-454-7.
RICHARD E. and D. CONTRERAS ZAPATA. 2010. Environmental Education for the third millennium. A tribute to Mother Earth. Course notes for training trainers. Multimedia EcoDreams Ed. 366 p. La Paz, Bolivia. DOWNLOAD
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